Annotrace: A Workbench for Step-Level Annotation of Agent Traces

Computer Science > Artificial Intelligence

[Submitted on 16 Oct 2026]

Title:Annotrace: A Workbench for Step-Level Annotation of Agent Traces

View PDF HTML (experimental)Abstract:Every study of why LLM agents fail begins by labelling traces by hand, and every such study builds its own throwaway tool. Observability platforms record agent traces but offer no structured labelling; annotation tools label text but have no notion of a step, a delegation or a tool call, leaving it unclear what the smallest unit of execution to label should be. Annotrace reads six trace formats, including OpenTelemetry GenAI, LangSmith and Langfuse, and turns each run into an ordered, nested list of steps. The annotator writes their own labelling codebook; a frontier model proposes a starting set from a sample of their own traces, answers first, and is asked exactly the questions the human is asked, making annotation a joint human-AI process. Annotrace measures agreement between any two annotators, human or AI. On a multi-agent question-answering corpus it reproduces a previous manual effort's 235 annotation units exactly, and two models labelling the same traces agree 91% of the time at $\kappa = 0.82$.

Submission history

From: Arun Josephraj Arokiaraj [view email][v1] Fri, 16 Oct 2026 10:55:26 UTC (370 KB)

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